According to the U.S. Department of Agricultureevery 100 grams of durian contains 147 calories, 5 grams of total fat, 2 mg of sodium, 436 mg of potassium, 27 grams of carbohydrates, 1.5 grams of protein.

It also provides an array of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, vitamin B6, iron, and magnesium. Given its nutritional profile, durian can have both positive and negative effects on the liver when consumed excessively.

Positive effects

Research published in the European Journal of Integrative Medicine suggests that durian, particularly when ripe, contains bioactive compounds like quercetin, which may help protect the liver. Quercetin has been shown to improve liver structure, promote the regeneration of liver cells, and prevent or potentially reverse liver fibrosis—a condition where excess collagen accumulates in the liver.

Additionally, the antioxidants present in durian help protect the liver from free radical damage. Durian is also known to restore glutathione levels, which assist in detoxifying the liver and enhancing its overall function.

Negative effects

Despite its beneficial properties, durian also comes with potential downsides, particularly when consumed in excess. The fruit is high in calories, sugar, and saturated fats, which can negatively affect liver health if eaten in large quantities. The American Liver Foundation advises individuals with fatty liver disease to avoid foods rich in sugar, fat, and calories, as these can exacerbate liver conditions. A study by the World Health Organization has also shown that high saturated fat intake increases the risk of insulin resistance and fatty liver disease.

For those with fatty liver disease, excessive durian consumption may impair the liver’s ability to process fat, leading to inflammation and further fat accumulation.

Additionally, combining durian with alcohol is particularly concerning. According to Raffles Healthdurian contains a sulfur compound that can slow down the metabolism of alcohol in the liver. Additionally, the liver must process the sugars and fats in the durian at the same time as alcohol, putting extra strain on the organ. Consuming large amounts of both durian and alcohol can lead to discomfort and liver strain.

Principal Dietitian Bibi Chia at Raffles Diabetes & Endocrine Center recommends that individuals limit their durian intake to two to three seeds per day. This will allow them to enjoy the health benefits of the fruit without overloading the liver.