A sudden foul smell from urine may seem like a minor inconvenience, but medical experts warn it could be a sign of an underlying health issue. While dehydration is a common cause, persistent odor in urine should never be ignored.

When your body lacks water, urine becomes concentrated, resulting in a strong ammonia-like smell. A mild smell in the morning is normal, but if it persists despite drinking plenty of water, it may signal a deeper issue.

UTIs are a frequent cause, especially among women. Key symptoms include:

• Foul-smelling urine

• Burning sensation while urinating

• Lower abdominal pain

• Frequent urination

If untreated, UTIs can lead to kidney damage.

High or unstable blood sugar levels can give urine a sweet or odd smell. In severe cases, it may be a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)—a medical emergency.

A rotting or musty smell in urine may indicate kidney or liver disease—especially if accompanied by:

• Dark-colored urine

• Frothy appearance

• Blood in urine

These signs require immediate medical attention.

Foods like garlic, onion, asparagus, and fish can temporarily alter urine smell. Caffeine and alcohol may also contribute.

Antibiotics, B-complex vitamins, and other supplements can cause temporary changes in urine odor. If it persists after stopping the medication, consult a doctor.

STIs such as chlamydia or gonorrhea may lead to foul-smelling urine along with:

• Unusual discharge

• Burning or itching around genitals

• Hydrate well: Drink 8–10 glasses of water daily

• Maintain hygiene: Keep the genital area clean

• Test early: If symptoms persist, get a urine test

• Natural detox: Coconut water, lemon water can help flush toxins

• Medical treatment: Follow your doctor’s prescribed antibiotics—never self-medicate