Who's Elizabeth MacDonough, who could upend Trump's 'big beautiful' bill?
27 Jun 2025

Senate Parliamentarian Elizabeth MacDonough is at the center of a controversy over President Donald Trump's massive tax bill.

Dubbed the "One big, beautiful bill" by Trump, the 1,000-page document aims to cut spending and extend tax breaks.

However, MacDonough's objections could delay its passage past the July 4 deadline set by Trump.

She has previously ruled that some provisions of the bill violate the Byrd Rule.

Who is Elizabeth MacDonough?
Parliamentarian position

MacDonough has served as Senate parliamentarian since 2012, making her the first woman to hold this position.

She was appointed by Democratic Senator Harry Reid and has served under both Republican and Democratic leadership.

In 2021, she faced a similar controversy when Democrats considered overruling her decision against adding a minimum wage hike to a policy bill.

What is the Byrd rule?
Byrd rule violation

MacDonough has said that certain provisions of Trump's tax bill violate the Byrd Rule, a 1985 Senate rule prohibiting "extraneous" provisions on reconciliation bills.

The reconciliation process is critical as it allows Republicans to bypass a Democratic filibuster and pass the bill with a simple majority.

However, MacDonough found attempts to change policy in the current budget bill, which is meant for government spending guidance.

More rulings expected as MacDonough continues reviewing bill
Bill rejections

MacDonough has already rejected proposals in Trump's tax bill, including one limiting federal Medicaid funding through healthcare provider taxes.

She also blocked a proposal that would have made it harder to punish the Trump administration for contempt.

As she continues reviewing the lengthy bill, more rulings are expected.

Some Republicans are now considering overruling her advice or possibly firing her—a rare move in Senate history.