Excessive sweating of the face and head can be both uncomfortable and socially challenging. Normally, sweating helps regulate body temperature, cooling the body during heat, exercise, or stress. However, in some people, the body produces more sweat than necessary, a condition called hyperhidrosis. When this overproduction occurs specifically on the head and face, it is known as craniofacial hyperhidrosis . This condition can occur without an apparent cause or as a result of an underlying medical issue or medication. Craniofacial hyperhidrosis can interfere with daily activities, affect self-confidence, and significantly impact a person’s quality of life.
What is hyperhidrosis
Craniofacial hyperhidrosis is a condition characterised by excessive sweating of the face, scalp, and neck, often without an apparent trigger. According to a study published in Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, it can significantly impact an individual's social interactions and quality of life. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to alleviate symptoms and improving patient outcomes.
There are two main forms of hyperhidrosis:
Primary focal hyperhidrosis
Usually affects specific areas such as the face, head, hands, or underarms.
Not caused by any other medical condition or medication.
Often hereditary, with many individuals having a family history of excessive sweating.
Secondary hyperhidrosis
Occurs as a result of an underlying condition or as a side effect of medications.
It can affect the whole body and occur at any age.
Causes of excessive face and head sweating
Hyperhidrosis occurs when the sympathetic nervous system, responsible for controlling bodily functions such as heart rate, breathing, and sweating, malfunctions. In normal circumstances, the nervous system signals sweat glands to activate in response to heat or emotional stimuli. In hyperhidrosis, this signalling is overactive or misfiring.
Primary focal hyperhidrosis

• Often linked to a genetic predisposition.
• Only certain nerves are overactive, which may explain why sweating affects specific body parts.

Secondary hyperhidrosis
Can be triggered by multiple medical conditions, including:

• Diabetes
• Hyperthyroidism
• Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)
• Obesity or gout
• Parkinson’s disease
• Head trauma or brain tumours
• Blood cell or bone marrow disorders, such as Hodgkin’s lymphoma
• Certain medications and supplements may also trigger excessive sweating.
• Hormonal changes, infections, and withdrawal from drugs or alcohol can be contributing factors.

Why does it affect only the head and face
Hyperhidrosis tends to affect areas of the body with high concentrations of sweat glands, including the forehead, scalp, temples, and upper lip. Primary craniofacial hyperhidrosis typically affects these regions alone, whereas secondary hyperhidrosis can impact the entire body.
Symptoms of craniofacial hyperhidrosis

• Individuals with craniofacial hyperhidrosis may notice:
• Visible sweating that soaks clothing or drips from the face.
• Sweat that occurs even in cool environments or at rest.
• Interference with daily tasks, such as reading, working, or social interactions.
• Skin changes like wrinkling, softening, or peeling.
• Recurrent skin infections due to prolonged moisture.

Primary hyperhidrosis symptoms often start in childhood or adolescence, while secondary hyperhidrosis can develop at any age and may include nighttime sweating.
Diagnosing hyperhidrosis
Diagnosis involves a combination of physical examination, patient history, and specific tests. Some methods include:

• Sweat tests using powders that change colour when wet.
• Blood and urine tests to identify underlying conditions.
• Medical imaging (e.g., MRI) for suspected neurological causes.
• Reviewing medications and supplements for possible side effects.

A diagnosis of primary hyperhidrosis is made when no underlying condition is found, while secondary hyperhidrosis is diagnosed when a specific cause is identified.
Common triggers of excessive sweating on the head and face
Various factors can trigger or worsen craniofacial hyperhidrosis:
Environmental: Warm temperatures, high humidity.
Dietary: Spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, or foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG).
Emotional: Stress, anxiety, fear, or nervousness.
Physical: Exercise or tight, restrictive clothing.
How to stop excessive sweating

• Avoid hot environments and wear lightweight, breathable fabrics such as cotton or linen.
• Carry small fans or cooling devices.
• Identify foods, drinks, or situations that worsen sweating and minimise exposure.
• Use tissues, blotting paper, or sweatbands for the scalp to prevent moisture dripping.
• Wear hair up, choose light clothing around the neck, or apply absorbent face powders
• Relaxation techniques, meditation, or therapy can help reduce anxiety-related sweating

Living with hyperhidrosis
Hyperhidrosis can affect both physical and mental well-being. Many people with facial sweating experience embarrassment or social anxiety. It is important to consult a healthcare provider for guidance and to explore treatment options. With proper management, individuals can significantly reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your health routine or treatment.
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