This announcement is crucial for all students, educators, and institutions affiliated with JKBOSE, providing a clear roadmap for the academic year. The new syllabus outlines the specific topics, learning objectives, and assessment patterns that will be followed, ensuring a standardized and comprehensive approach to the study of Economics at the higher secondary level. Students are advised to meticulously review the updated syllabus to understand the scope of their studies and prepare effectively for their examinations.
Educators can use this detailed guide to structure their lesson plans, allocate appropriate time to each unit, and incorporate effective teaching methodologies. This proactive release by JKBOSE aims to provide ample time for all stakeholders to adapt to the new curriculum, promoting a smooth and efficient academic transition for the 2025-26 session.
JKBOSE 12th Economics Syllabus 2025-26 - Marks Distribution

Component	Maximum Marks	Time Allowed
Theory	80	3 Hours
Internal Assessment	20	-
Total	100	3 Hours

Part	Unit	Marks
Part A	Introductory Microeconomics	40
	Introduction	4
	Consumer's Equilibrium and Demand	14
	Producer Behaviour and Supply	14
	Forms of Market and Price Determination under Perfect competition with simple applications	8
Part B	Introductory Macroeconomics	40
	National Income and Aggregates	10
	Money and Banking	6
	Aggregate Demand & Aggregate Supply	12
	Government Budget and the Economy	6
	Balance of Payments & International Institutions	6
	Theory Paper (Total of Part A and B)	80
Part C	Project Work	20
	Grand Total	100

JKBOSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2025-26
The Jammu and Kashmir Board of School Education (JKBOSE) has released the Class 12 Economics Syllabus for the 2025-26 academic year. This detailed syllabus is designed to enhance students' conceptual understanding, analytical thinking, and problem-solving abilities, which are crucial for advanced studies in science, engineering, and related disciplines. The syllabus is also in line with national educational standards.

Unit	Topic/Concept	Details Covered
Part A: Introductory Microeconomics
Unit 01: Introduction	Introduction to Economics	Meaning of micro-economics and macro-economics; positive and normative economics.
	Central Problems	What is an economy? Central problems of an economy: what, how and for whom to produce; concepts of Production Possibility Frontier and Opportunity Cost.
Unit 02: Consumer Equilibrium and Demand	Consumer Equilibrium	Utility Approach: One and two commodity cases.
	Demand	Market demand, determinants of demand, demand schedule, demand curve, movement along and shifts in demand curve.
	Price Elasticity of Demand	Price elasticity of demand, measurement of price elasticity of demand: percentage, total expenditure, and geometric methods.
Unit 03: Producer Behaviour & Supply	Production	Meaning of Production Function (Short-Run and Long-Run); Total product, Average Product and Marginal Product; Returns to a factor.
	Cost	Short run costs: Total Cost, Total Fixed Cost, Total Variable Cost; Average Cost; Average Fixed Cost, Average Variable Cost and Marginal Cost - meaning and their relationships.
	Revenue	Total Revenue, Average Revenue and Marginal Revenue - meaning and their relationship.
	Producer's Equilibrium	Meaning and its conditions in terms of Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost approach.
	Supply	Market supply, determinants of supply, supply schedule, supply curve and its slope, movements along and shifts in supply curve.
	Price Elasticity of Supply	Price elasticity of supply; measurement of price elasticity of supply - percentage change method.
Unit 04: Forms of Market and Price Determination	Market Forms	Perfect competition - Features; Determination of market equilibrium and effects of shifts in demand and supply. (Short Run Only)
	Simple Applications	Simple Applications of Demand and Supply: Price ceiling, Price floor.
Part B: Introductory Macroeconomics
Unit 05: National Income and Aggregates	Introduction to Macroeconomics	What is macro-economics?
	Basic Concepts	Consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.
	Circular Flow & Measurement	Circular flow of income (two sector model); Methods of calculating National Income: Value Added method, Expenditure and Income methods.
	Aggregates	Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP; GDP Deflator, GDP and Welfare.
Unit 06: Money and Banking	Money	Meaning and functions of money, supply of money (Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks).
	Commercial Banking	Money creation by the commercial banking system.
	Central Banking	Central bank and its functions (example of Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Bankers Bank, Control of Credit through Bank Rate, Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR), Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.
Unit 07: Determination of Income and Employment	Aggregate Demand	Aggregate demand and its components.
	Consumption & Saving	Consumption Function- Meaning; Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal).
	Equilibrium & Multiplier	Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism.
	Employment Concepts	Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment.
	Problems & Measures	Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them - changes in government spending, taxes and money supply.
Unit 08: Government Budget and the Economy	Government Budget	Government budget - meaning, objectives and components.
	Classification of Receipts & Expenditure	Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts; Classification of expenditure - revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.
	Budget Balances & Deficits	Balanced, Surplus and Deficit Budget; measures of government deficit.
Unit 09: Balance of Payments	Balance of Payments Account	Balance of payments account - meaning and components; Balance of payments Surplus and Deficit.
	Foreign Exchange Rate	Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating.
	Determination & Systems	Determination of exchange rate in a free market, Merits and demerits of flexible and fixed exchange rate. Managed Floating exchange rate system.

JKBOSE Class 12th Mathematics Syllabus - Exam Pattern and Marks Distribution

Section	Type of Question	Number of Questions	Marks per Question	Total Marks	Word Limit (Approx.)
A	Objective Type/Multiple Choice Questions	10	1	10	N/A
B	Very Short Answer Type Questions	10	2	20	20-30 words
C	Short Answer Type Questions (With Internal Choice)	8	4	32	100-150 words
D	Long Answer Type Questions (With Internal Choice)	3	6	18	150-200 words
Total		31		80

How to Download JKBOSE Class 12 Mathematics Syllabus 2025-26 PDF
Step 1 - Visit the official JKBOSE website - jkbose.nic.in
Step 2 - Go to the Academics section and click on "Syllabus."
Step 3 - Select Class 12 and choose Botany from the subject list.
Step 4 - Click on "Download PDF" to save it for offline use.
The JKBOSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus (2025-26) is a blend of conceptual depth and practical application. With careful study and regular practice, students can build a strong foundation not only for board exams.