Delhi University’s New Course Sparks Debate

Delhi University's Sanskrit department has ignited significant controversy with the introduction of a new undergraduate program titled ‘Dharmashastra Studies,’ which initially included the Manusmriti as a core textbook. The curriculum proposed to cover topics such as the caste system, the social role of marriage, ethics, and religion. However, the university administration has since clarified that the Manusmriti will not be taught in any form.

This course is designed for undergraduate students who possess a strong foundation in Sanskrit. Its primary aim is to familiarize students with ideologies related to ancient Indian society, politics, economy, and law.

The curriculum comprises four sections:

1. Concept of Dharma – This section explores the concept of dharma through texts like the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas, and Arthashastra by Kautilya, focusing on its social and moral aspects.

2. Conduct, Behavior, and Atonement – This part presents the caste and ashram systems, marriage, education, rituals, and charity as components of social structure.

3. Governance and Administration – This section includes discussions on the ancient Indian justice system, monarchy, ministerial qualifications, and the Mandala theory.

4. Atonement – This part outlines methods for atonement for sins, including penance, vows, charity, pilgrimages, and shraddha rituals.

Initially, several texts were listed as primary reading materials for the course, including the Apastamba Dharmasutra, Baudhayana Dharmasutra, Vashistha Dharmasutra, Yajnavalkya Smriti, Narada Smriti, and Arthashastra by Kautilya, alongside the Manusmriti. However, following public backlash regarding the inclusion of Manusmriti, Vice-Chancellor Yogesh Singh firmly stated, “The Manusmriti will not be taught in any form at Delhi University. This directive has been issued previously, and departments must adhere to it.” He further emphasized that the Sanskrit department should not have included this material in the curriculum.

This is not the first instance of controversy surrounding the Manusmriti at Delhi University. In July 2023, a proposal to include this text in the History (Honors) curriculum was withdrawn after facing significant opposition. At that time, the university administration reiterated that any material that could foster societal division would not be accepted.

The recent attempt to reintroduce the Manusmriti has raised questions about the transparency and accountability of the curriculum development process. A segment of academics and students is advocating for broader discussions and representation of diverse perspectives within the university's academic committees.

Nonetheless, the academic community continues to debate texts like the Manusmriti—while they provide insights into ancient India's social structure, they also face criticism for perpetuating caste and gender discrimination. The current stance of Delhi University highlights the necessity of considering social impact and inclusivity before incorporating such texts into academic programs.