Harnessing Solar Energy in Assam

A recent study on rooftop solar energy indicates that Assam has the capacity to produce 13,000 MW of solar power, which could satisfy the entire annual electricity demand of the state. However, several challenges remain.

Assam stands at a crucial juncture in its energy narrative. With electricity consumption projected to double in the next ten years, the state must tackle the challenge of increasing demand while transitioning away from fossil fuels. Currently, over 70% of Assam's electricity is derived from coal and gas, with only 9% coming from renewable sources.

The state is grappling with energy shortages. Long-distance transmission from coal plants results in significant losses and strains on the grid. The question arises: how can Assam develop a cleaner, more resilient energy system that equitably serves its population?

The solution may lie in rooftop solar energy.

Rooftop solar is emerging as a viable, inclusive, and sustainable option for Assam. Unlike large-scale solar parks or hydropower projects, it requires minimal land and investment, utilizing only available rooftop space. This approach circumvents transmission issues, delivering power directly to consumers. It is also well-suited to Assam's geographical constraints.

The state has initiated several encouraging measures. Assam's clean energy policy now aims for 1,900 megawatts of rooftop solar by 2030, a significant increase from the previous target of 300 megawatts. In contrast, states like Gujarat and Maharashtra have already installed 5,300 MW and 3,400 MW, respectively, while Assam has only achieved 75 MW.

To support this initiative, the government is providing a subsidy of Rs 15,000 per kW, alongside central schemes such as the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, which offers Rs 33,000 per kW. Rooftop solar initiatives encompass government, commercial, industrial, and residential sectors, with the Assam Power Distribution Corporation Limited (APDCL) spearheading the efforts.

According to a report by iFOREST, Assam has a rooftop availability of 737.1 km², with 86% located in rural regions. Approximately 95% of this area is found in residential and mixed-use buildings. The findings suggest that the state could generate over 13,000 MW of solar energy, sufficient to meet its current annual power needs.

Urban areas like Kamrup Metropolitan, particularly Guwahati, present the highest potential for rooftop solar. The city could accommodate between 625 and 985 MW of solar installations, with promising locations including Lokhra, Garchuk, Khanapara, Garbhanga, Sarusajai, Borsajai, Sawkuchi, and parts of Dakhingaon. Areas like Basistha, Dispur, and Kahilipara also show significant potential. Fully utilizing these resources could lessen the city's reliance on thermal power from the grid.

Rooftop solar is particularly appealing due to its community-driven nature. It is affordable, scalable, and accessible to everyone—from families to schools and businesses. Once installed, it can drastically reduce electricity bills, sometimes to nearly zero, and enhance reliability. Households in Assam can expect to lower their electricity costs by 50% to 90%, depending on factors like weather and usage. Additionally, solar power provides backup during outages and peak demand times, with Assam enjoying over 280 sunny days annually, making rooftop solar a reliable choice.

Moreover, rooftop solar is a zero-carbon energy source. It is clean, local, and community-oriented, and scaling this initiative could create thousands of green jobs. If Assam fully taps into its 13,000 MW potential, it could generate approximately 180,000 jobs, particularly for local youth.

However, effective policies can falter if systems are unresponsive. Across India, individuals have encountered obstacles such as delays in approvals, complex paperwork, late subsidy disbursements, and subpar installations. Assam must navigate these challenges carefully.

What steps are necessary to unlock Assam's rooftop solar potential?

* First, streamline processes. Approval and subsidy applications should be expedited, simplified, and transparent.

* Second, enhance financing options. Despite subsidies, upfront costs can be prohibitive. Assam should collaborate with banks and rural financial institutions to provide low-interest solar loans.

* Third, ensure quality. Poor installations can erode trust. A state-certified registry of installers, supported by training programs, can guarantee quality. Skilled technicians should be available in every district.

* Fourth, demonstrate effectiveness. Schools, shops, government buildings, and housing societies should serve as showcase sites. When communities observe solar energy in action, it fosters trust.

* Finally, align policy with action. Establish clear timelines for approvals, payments, and financing. Invest in local skills and quality assurance.

Citizens also have a role to play. Engage with neighbors about their solar panels. Request quotes from vendors. A solar-powered shop sends a strong message: environmentally friendly, modern, and future-oriented.

Envision every household in Sarusajai, Lokhra, or Dispur being powered by solar energy. Rooftop solar represents empowerment. Assam must commit to clean energy, progressing roof by roof, family by family, and village by village. This transition is ultimately a significant step toward cleaner air, reliable energy, and sustainable livelihoods.

By

Suhail Mir