Migraine is a neurological condition marked by intense pain, usually on one side of the head. It may come with nausea, sensitivity to light or sound, dizziness, or visual discomfort. Many people notice that their migraine attacks become more frequent with the arrival of winter. Even those who don’t have chronic migraines may experience headaches, heaviness in the head, or mild blood flow changes during cold weather. As temperatures drop, the chances of a migraine episode rise, making awareness all the more important.

In winter, symptoms such as sharp or throbbing pain in the head, pressure around the eyes, light sensitivity, nausea, neck stiffness, and irritability tend to appear more often. Cold temperatures cause the body’s muscles to tighten and may also constrict blood vessels and nerves in the brain, which can intensify headaches. Shorter days and dim light reduce serotonin levels, affecting mood and potentially triggering migraines. For many people, cold winds, fog, and sudden temperature drops worsen the pain. Spending more time indoors, reduced sunlight exposure, and an irregular daily routine can further contribute to migraine attacks.

Why does winter increase migraine risk?
According to Dr. Gangesh Gunjan from the neurosurgery department at Sarvodaya Hospital, cold weather causes the body’s nerves to constrict and slightly alters blood flow to the brain. This shift can trigger migraines. Apart from this, common winter issues like sudden weather changes, exposure to cold wind, sinus congestion, or seasonal infections can worsen headaches.

Low sunlight in winter also decreases serotonin levels, which play a key role in mood regulation and brain function. This hormonal change raises the chances of migraine episodes. Using heaters for long periods can dry out the air in the room, leading to dehydration, which further aggravates migraines. While not everyone experiences migraines, cold weather can still increase headache risk because the brain reacts strongly to temperature changes.

How to prevent winter migraines
• Keep your head and ears covered when stepping out in cold air.
• Spend 15–20 minutes in sunlight whenever possible.
• Drink enough water to stay hydrated.
• Avoid extreme temperature changes, very cold rooms, or overuse of heaters.
• Maintain a regular sleep schedule and daily routine.
• Manage stress through meditation, relaxation techniques, or light exercise.
• Limit known triggers such as excessive caffeine, processed foods, and fast food.